银单晶 47Ag107.870
说明:银是一种柔软的,有延展性的金属,抛光时具有典型的银色光泽。在水和氧气中稳定,但会被空气中的硫化合物慢慢腐蚀,形成黑色的硫化层。银溶于硫酸和硝酸。被用于银质餐具,珠宝,镜子,并且因其优异的导电性用于电气工业。银盐被用于摄影中。
银单晶性能参数
状态: | 单晶 | |
晶体结构: | fcc | |
生产方法: | Czochralski | |
标准尺寸: | diameter 8-20mm thickness 1-2mm | |
晶向: | (100), (110) and (111) | |
晶向精度: | <2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° | |
纯度: | as cut, one or two sides polished | |
表面粗糙度: | <0.03μm | |
典型分析: | 99.999% | |
典型分析(ppm): | Au 1 Cu 2 | Fe 2 Ni 1 Ag balance |
Al, Cd, Mg, Mn, Pt, Pd are below the detection limit |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group f.c.c. (a=408.626), Fm3m |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: | CuKa 218 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 25.8 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: | 0.597 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: | 63.6 sa / barns |
密度: | 10.5 g/cm3 |
熔点: | 961.93 °C / 1235.08 °K |
沸点: | 2211.85 °C / 2485 °K |
摩尔体积: | 10.27 cm3 |
导热系数: | 429 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: | 19.2 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: | 1.59x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: | -2.27 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: | 82.7 GPa |
刚性模量: | 30.3 GPa |
体积模量: | 103.6 GPa |
泊松比: | 0.367 GPa |
半径: | Ag2+ 89; Ag+ 113; atomic 144; covalent 134 |
负电性: | 1.93 (Pauling); 1.42 (Allred); 4.44 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: | 4.20 (Slater); 8.03 (Clementi); 11.35 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: | 46 |
同位素质量范围: | 96 -> 122 |
生物资料
生物类别: | none, especially toxic to lower organisms |
毒性 | |
毒性摄取量: | soluble salts, ingestion, human = 1 g |
致命摄取量: | LD50 (nitrate, oral, mouse)=50 mg kg-1 |
危险性: | Soluble silver salts irritate the skin and mucous membranes and can cause death if ingested even in small doses. Silver is a suspected carcinogen |
人体等级 | |
血液: | <0.003 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: | 0.01 - 0.44 p.p.m. |
肝脏: | 0.005 - 0.25 p.p.m. |
肌肉: | 0.009 - 0.28 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: | 0.0014 - 0.08 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: | 2 mg |
地质资料
矿物: | Native silver occurs naturally as crystals, but more generally as a compact mass and there are small deposits in Norway, Germany, Mexico, Chile, Canada, Australia, Sardinia and the USA. | |||
矿物化学式 | 公式 | 密度 | 硬度 | 晶体外观 |
Acanthite | Ag2S | 7.2 | 2 - 2.5 | mon., met. black -lead grey |
Chlorargyrite | AgCl | 5.556 | 2.5 | cub., res./adam. col./grey |
Polybasite | (Cu, Ag)16Sb2S11 | 6.1 | 2 - 3 | mon., met. black |
Stephanite | Ag5SbS4 | 6.26 | 2 - 2.5 | orth., met. black |
主要矿石: | acanthite, stephanite |
世界产量: | 9950 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: | acanthite in Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, stephanite in Canada. Silver is obtained as a by-product in the refining of other metals such as copper. |
储量: | 1 x 106 tonnes |
样品: | available as crystals, flake, foil, granules, powder, rod, wire or wool. Safe. |
总含量 | |
太阳: | 7.1 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: | 0.07 p.p.m. |
海水: | |
大西洋表面: | n.a. |
大西洋深处: | n.a. |
太平洋表面: | 1 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: | 24 x 10-7 p.p.m. |
停留时间: | 5000 years |
类别: | recycled |
氧化态: | I |