钒单晶 73V50.942
说明:纯钒是一种有光泽的,银色的软金属。表面的氧化膜可抗腐蚀。钒可抗浓酸腐蚀,但不耐碱,即使在熔化状态。钒金属主要被用于合金特别是钢材。
钒单晶性能参数
状态: | 单晶 | |
晶体结构: | bcc | |
生产方法: | Floating zone | |
标准尺寸: | diameter 12mm thickness 1-2mm | |
晶向: | (100), (110) and (111) | |
晶向精度: | <2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° | |
纯度: | as cut, one or two sides polished | |
表面粗糙度: | <0.03μm | |
典型分析: | 99.99% | |
典型分析(ppm): | Al 10.0 Co < 0.10 Cr < 0.10 Cu < 1.60 Fe 20.0 Mg 0.25 Mn < 0.10 | Mo < 0.10 Nb 20.0 Ni 4.30 Ta 20.0 Ti 1.60 W 7.00 V balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group b.c.c. (a=302.40), Im3m |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: | CuKa 233 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 27.5 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: | -0.0382 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: | 5.08 sa / barns |
密度: | 6.1 g/cm3 |
熔点: | 1886.85 °C / 2160 °K |
沸点: | 3376.85 °C / 3650 °K |
摩尔体积: | 8.34 cm3 |
导热系数: | 30.7 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: | 8.3 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: | 24.8x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: | +6.28 x 10-8(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: | 127.6 GPa |
刚性模量: | 46.7 GPa |
体积模量: | 158 GPa |
泊松比: | 0.365 GPa |
半径: | V5+ 59; V4+ 61; V3+ 65; V2+ 72; atomic 132 |
负电性: | 1.63 (Pauling); 1.45 (Allred); 3.6 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: | 3.30 (Slater); 4.98 (Clementi); 6.65 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: | 11 |
同位素质量范围: | 44 -> 55 |
生物资料
生物类别: | Essential to some species including humans; it also acts to stimulate metalbolism. |
毒性 | |
毒性摄取量: | Toxicity varies |
致命摄取量: | LD50 (V2O5, oral, rat) = 10 mg kg-1 |
危险性: | Vanadium and its compunds irritate the eyes and lungs; the fumes of volatile compounds are highly toxic. Some vanadium compounds have experimental mutagenic effects. |
人体等级 | |
血液: | <0.0002 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: | 0.0035 p.p.m. |
肝脏: | 0.006 p.p.m. |
肌肉: | 0.02 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: | 0.04 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: | 0.11 mg |
地质资料
矿物: | Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals | |||
矿物化学式 | 公式 | 密度 | 硬度 | 晶体外观 |
Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O | 4.95 | n.a. | mon., dull/earthy/pearly yellow |
Descloizite | PbZn(VO4)(OH) | 6.2 | 3 - 3.5 | orth., greasy brown/red |
Patrónite | VS4 | 2.81 | 2 | mon., grey-black |
Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl | 6.86 | 2.7 - 3 | hex., sub-res./sub-adam. orange red |
主要矿石: | descloizite, patronite, vanadite, carnotite. |
世界产量: | 7000 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: | not mined as such, but generally obtained as a by-product of other ores and from Venezuelan oils. |
储量: | n.a. |
样品: | available as foil, granules, powder, rod or turnings. CARE ! |
总含量 | |
太阳: | 1.05 x 104 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: | 160 p.p.m. |
海水: | |
大西洋表面: | 1.1 x 10-3 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: | n.a. |
太平洋表面: | 1.6 x 10-3 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: | 1.8 x 10-3 p.p.m. |
停留时间: | 50 000 years |
类别: | recycled |
氧化态: | V |