锌单晶 30Zn65.37
说明:锌是一种蓝白色金属,浇铸时很脆。在空气中失去光泽,溶于酸和碱。锌被用于镀锌铁,合金(例如黄铜),电池。氧化锌用于橡胶和聚合物的稳定剂。
锌单晶性能参数
状态: | 单晶 | |
晶体结构: | hexagonal | |
生产方法: | Bridgman | |
标准尺寸: | diameter 10-20mm thickness 1-2mm | |
晶向: | (1001), (1-100) and (11-20) | |
晶向精度: | <2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° | |
纯度: | as cut, one or two sides polished | |
表面粗糙度: | <0.03μm | |
典型分析: | 99.999% | |
典型分析(ppm): | Ag 2 Ca 1 Cd 3 Cu < 2 | Fe < 2 Hg < 1 Pb 2 Sn < 1 Zn balance |
其他性能参数
晶体结构: | (cell dimensions/pm), space group h.c.p. (a=266.47, c=494.69), P63/mmc |
X射线衍射质量吸收系数: | CuKa 60.3 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 MoKa 55.4 (μ/r) / cm2g-1 |
中子散射距离: | 0.5680 b/10-12 cm |
热中子捕获横截面: | 1.11 sa / barns |
密度: | 7.14 g/cm3 |
熔点: | 419.58 °C / 692.73 °K |
沸点: | 906.85 °C / 1180 °K |
摩尔体积: | 9.17 cm3 |
导热系数: | 116 [300 K] Wm-1K-1 |
热膨胀线系数: | 25.0 x 10-6 K-1 |
电阻系数: | 5.916x10-8 [293 K] Wm |
聚磁敏感性: | -2.20 x 10-9(s) kg-1m3 |
杨氏模量: | 104.5 GPa |
刚性模量: | 41.9 GPa |
体积模量: | 69.4 GPa |
泊松比: | 0.249 GPa |
半径: | Zn2+ 83; atomic 133; covalent 125 |
负电性: | 1.65 (Pauling); 1.66 (Allred); 4.45 eV (absolute) |
有效核电荷: | 4.35 (Slater); 5.97 (Clementi); 8.28 (Froese-Fischer) |
同位素: | 23 |
同位素质量范围: | 57 -> 78 |
生物资料
生物类别: | Essential for all species |
毒性 | |
毒性摄取量: | generally regarded as of low toxicity |
致命摄取量: | LD50 (chloride, oral, rat) = 350 mg kg-1 |
危险性: | Zinc metal is a human skin irritant but otherwise is non-toxic and so are most common compounds; however, zinc salts have been shown to be experimental carcinogens. |
人体等级 | |
血液: | 7.0 mg dm-3 |
骨骼: | 75 - 170 p.p.m. |
肝脏: | 240 p.p.m. |
肌肉: | 240 p.p.m. |
每日食物摄取量: | 5 - 40 mg |
70kg成人平均总元素含量: | 2.3 mg |
地质资料
矿物: | Many minerals are known, and aluminium is present in many other minerals | |||
矿物化学式 | 公式 | 密度 | 硬度 | 晶体外观 |
Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2.H2O | 3.475 | 4.5 - 5 | orth., vit./pearly white |
Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 | 4.00 | 2 - 2.5 | mon., earthy/silky white etc. |
Sphalerite | ZnS | 4.08 | 3.5 | cub., yellow to brown |
Smithsonite | ZnCO3 | 4.2 | 4 - 4.5 | rhom., vit. grey-white |
Willemite | Zn2SiO4 | 4.1 | 5.5 | rhom., vitreous-resinous, white/pale green |
主要矿石: | sphalerite (with cadmium, gallium and indium as by-products), smithsonite, hemimorphite. Hydrozincite is also mined for zinc when found in economic amounts. |
世界产量: | 5.02 x 106 tonnes/year |
主要矿区: | USA, Canada, Australia, Austria, Russia, Turkey |
储量: | 110 x 106 tonnes |
样品: | available as dust, foila, granules, pieces, powder, shot, sticks and wire. Safe. |
总含量 | |
太阳: | 2.82 x 104 (relative to H = 1 x 1012) |
地壳: | 75 p.p.m. |
海水: | |
大西洋表面: | 0.5 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
大西洋深处: | 1.0 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋表面: | 0.5 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
太平洋深处: | 5.2 x 10-4 p.p.m. |
停留时间: | 5000 years |
类别: | recycled |
氧化态: | II |